how bitcoin bridges work

How Bitcoin Bridges Work: SPV Light Clients Explained

An Ethereum smart contract can't see Bitcoin. It can't open a socket to a Bitcoin node, read the mempool, or query a block explorer. Even so, some contracts mint tokens only after confirming that a particular Bitcoin transaction exists, with no custodian vouching for it. How?

trustless bitcoin bridge

Trustless Bitcoin Bridge: How Cross-Chain Security Works

Over $2 billion has been stolen from crypto bridges since 2021. Not from Bitcoin itself — Bitcoin has never been hacked — but from the middlemen that try to move BTC across blockchains. The problem almost always comes down to one thing: trust. Someone, somewhere, had to be trusted. And they failed.